‌‌‌‌　　英：founding speech; 法：parole fondant

‌‌‌‌　　“基底言语”一词 (有时也译作“基础言语”[foundationalspeech])在I950年代初拉康日益关注语言 (LANGUAGE)的时候出现于他的著作 (见：Lacan, 1953a)。拉康在使用该术语时关注的重点，即在于言语 (SPEECH)何以能够同时从根本上彻底转换说话行动中的说话者与受话者。对此，拉康最喜欢的两个例子便是“你是我的师父/老师”(Tu es mon maitre)与“你是我的妻子”(Tues ma femme)这两句话，它们分别用以把言说者安置在“徒弟”和“丈夫”的位置上。换句话说，基底言语的关键面向，即在于它不仅转换了他人，而且还转换了主体 (见：E, 85)。“包裹着主体的基底言语，就是将他构筑起来的一切，即他的父母、他的邻居、他的社群的整个结构，而且它不仅将他构筑为象征符，也将他构筑于他的存在”(S2,20)。在1955一1956年度的研讨班上，拉康将上述的言语功能称作“选择性言语”(elective speech), 而在1956一1957年度的研讨班上，他又将其称作“誓愿性言语”(votive speech).

‌‌‌‌　　拉康玩味了“你是我的母亲”(tu es ma mere)与“杀死我的母亲”(tuer ma mere)之间的同音异义，以阐明发送给他者的基底言语何以可能揭示出一种被压抑的谋杀欲望 (E, 269)。

‌‌‌‌　　(parole fondant) The term 'founding speech' (sometimes rendered 'foundationalspeech') emerges in Lacan's work at the time of his growing attention to LANGUAGE inthe early 1950s (see Lacan, 1953a). The point Lacan draws attention to in his use of thisterm is the way that SPEECH can radically transform both the speaker and the addresseein the act of utterance. Lacan's two favourite examples of this are the phrases 'You aremy master/teacher /maitrel'and 'You are my wife', which serve to position the speakeras 'pupil'and 'husband'respectively. In other words, the crucial aspect of foundingspeech is that it not only transforms the other but also transforms the subject (see E, 85). Founding speech, which envelops the subject, is everything that has constituted him, hisparents, his neighbours, the whole structure of his community, and not only constitutedhim as symbol, but constituted him in his being' (S2,20). Lacan refers to the samefunction of speech as 'elective speech'in the seminar of 1955-6 and as 'votive speech'inthe seminar of 1956-7.

‌‌‌‌　　Lacan plays on the homophony between tu es ma mere ('you are my mother') and tuerma mere ('to kill my mother') to illustrate the way that the founding speech addressed tothe other may reveal a repressed murderous desire (E, 269).