英：narcissism; 法：narcissisme; 德：Narzissmus
“自恋”这一术语在1910年首度出现于弗洛伊德的著作，然而直至他的《论自恋：导论》(Freud, 1914c)一文，此一概念才开始在精神分析理论中扮演一个核心的角色。从此时起，弗洛伊德便把自恋定义为力比多在自我 (EGO)中的投注，同时将它对立于力比多被投注于对象的对象爱恋 (object--love)。拉康给弗洛伊德著作中的这一时期赋予了极大的重要性，因为它清楚地把自我刻画为一个力比多经济 (libidinal economy)的对象，并且将自我的诞生联系于自恋的发展阶段。自恋不同于先前的自体情欲 (autoeroticism)阶段（自我在其中并不作为一个统一体而存在），而且也只有当“一种全新的精神作用”诞生出自我的时候，自恋才得以发生。
拉康通过把自恋更加明确地联系于其同名的纳喀索斯神话来发展弗洛伊德的概念。因而，拉康便把自恋定义为受到镜像 (SPECULAR IMAGE)的爱欲性吸引，此种爱欲性的关系构成了自我在镜子阶段中借以形成的原初认同 (primary identification)的基础。自恋同时具有一种爱欲性的特征与一种侵凌性的特征（见：[[aggressivity 侵凌性]])。自恋之所以带有爱欲性，正如纳喀索斯的神话所表明的那样，是因为主体受到了其形象的格式塔的强烈吸引。自恋之所以带有侵凌性，则是因为镜像的整体性与主体的实在的身体的那一不协调的非统整性形成了鲜明的对比，且因而似乎以崩解威胁着主体。在《有关精神因果性的评论》(Lacan,I946: Remarks on Psychic Causality)一文中，拉康创造了“自恋性自杀式侵凌”(agression suicidaire narcissique)这一术语，以表达对于镜像的自恋性痴迷这一爱欲性一侵凌性的特征可以将主体导向自我毁灭的事实（正如纳喀索斯的神话所同样表明的那样）(Ec,187: Ec,174)。自恋关系构成了各种人际关系中的想象性维度(S3,92)。
(narcissisme) The term 'narcissism'first appears in Freud's work in 1910, but it is notuntil his work 'On narcissism: an introduction' (Freud, 1914c) that the concept begins toplay a central role in psycho-analytic theory. From this point on, Freud defines narcissismas the investment of libido in the EGO, and opposes it to object-love, in which libido isinvested in objects. Lacan attributes great importance to this phase in Freud's work, sinceit clearly inscribes the ego as an object of the libidinal economy, and links the birth of theego to the narcissistic stage of development. Narcissism is different from the prior stage of autoeroticism (in which the ego does not exist as a unity), and only comes about when'a new psychical action'gives birth to the ego.
Lacan develops Freud's concept by linking it more explicitly with its namesake, themyth of Narcissus. Lacan thus defines narcissism as the erotic attraction to theSPECULAR IMAGE; this erotic relation underlies the primary identification by whichthe ego is formed in the mirror stage. Narcissism has both an erotic character and anaggressive character (see AGGRESSIVITY). It is erotic, as the myth of Narcissus shows, since the subject is strongly attracted to the gestalt that is his image. It is aggressive, sincethe wholeness of the specular image contrasts with the uncoordinated disunity of thesubject's real body, and thus seems to threaten the subject with disintegration. In Remarks on psychic causality' (Lacan, 1946), Lacan coins the term'narcissistic suicidalaggression' (agression suicidaire narcissique) to express the fact that the erotic-aggressive character of the narcissistic infatuation with the specular image can lead thesubject to self-destruction (as the myth of Narcissus also illustrates)(Ec, 187; Ec, 174). The narcissistic relation constitutes the imaginary dimension of human relationships (S3,92).