‌‌‌‌　　英：passage to the act; 法：passage a I'act

‌‌‌‌　　“行动宣泄”这一措辞来自法国的临床精神病学，用来指称那些带有暴力或犯罪性质的冲动性行动，这些行动有的时候标志着一个急性精神病性事件的发作。正如这一措辞本身所表明的那样，这些行动应该标记着主体根据某种暴力的观念或意图而发出相应的行动的时刻 (见：Laplanche and Pontalis, 1967:5)。因为这些行动被归因于精神病的作用，所以法国的法律便免除了犯罪者对于它们的民事责任 (Chemama, 1993:4).

‌‌‌‌　　随着精神分析思想于20世纪上半叶在法国得到了更加广泛的传播，法国的分析家们使用“行动宣泄”一词来翻泽弗洛伊德所使用的术语“Agieren”就变得司空见惯：作为行动搬演（ACTING OUT)的同义词。然而，在其1962一1963年度的研讨班上，拉康在这两个术语之间做了一个区分。虽然两者皆是对抗焦虑的最后手段，但是将某物行动搬演的主体仍然停留在场景 (SCEE)之中，而行动宣泄则涉及完全退出到场景之外。行动搬演是发送给大他者的一则象征的信息，而行动宣泄则是从大他者遁入实在界维度的一次逃逸或飞跃。因而，行动宣泄便是离开象征网络的出口，是社会联结的消解。虽然根据拉康的说法，行动宣泄并不必然隐含着一种潜在的精神病，但是它的确会引起某种主体的消解；主体在片刻间变成了一个纯粹的对象。

‌‌‌‌　　为了阐明他的意思，拉康提及弗洛伊德曾治疗过的同性恋少女的个案 (Freud, 1920a)。弗洛伊德报告说，这位年轻女子与其所爱的女士正在街上散步的时候，她的父亲认出了她，并向她投来了一瞥愤怒的目光。随后她便立刻匆忙跑开，翻过一堵墙而纵身跃下，倒在了铁路轨道的边沿上。拉康指出，这一自杀企图是一个行动宣泄，它不是发送给任何人的某种信息，因为象征化对这位年轻女子而言已经变得不可能。面对着她父亲的欲望，她便被一种无法控制的焦虑吞没了，并且通过认同对象而以一种冲动性的方式来做出反应。于是，她便“跌落”(德语：niederkommt)了，如同对象小a那般，即意指的剩余 (Lacan, 1962-3:1963年1月16日的研讨班)

‌‌‌‌　　(passage i l'acte) The phrase 'passage to the act'comes from French clinical psychiatry, which uses it to designate those impulsive acts, of a violent or criminal nature, whichsometimes mark the onset of an acute psychotic episode. As the phrase itself indicates, these acts are supposed to mark the point when the subject proceeds from a violent ideaor intention to the corresponding act (see Laplanche and Pontalis, 1967:5). Because theseacts are attributed to the action of the psychosis, French law absolves the perpetrator ofcivil responsibility for them (Chemama, 1993:4).

‌‌‌‌　　As psychoanalytic ideas gained wider circulation in France in the first half of thetwentieth century, it became common for French analysts to use the term passage a l'acteto translate the term Agieren used by Freud:i.e.as a synonym for ACTING OUT. However, in his seminar of 1962-3, Lacan establishes a distinction between these terms. While both are last resorts against anxiety, the subject who acts something out stillremains in the SCENE, whereas a passage to the act involves an exit from the scenealtogether. Acting out is a symbolic message addressed to the big Other, whereas apassage to the act is a flight from the Other into the dimension of the real. The passage tothe act is thus an exit from the symbolic network, a dissolution of the social bond. Although the passage to the act does not, according to Lacan, necessarily implyanunderlying psychosis, it does entail a dissolution of the subject; for a moment, the subjectbecomes a pure object.

‌‌‌‌　　In order to illustrate what he means, Lacan refers to the case of the young homosexualwomantreated by Freud (Freud, 1920a). Freud reports that the young woman waswalking in the street with the woman she loved when she was spotted by her father, whocast an angry glance at her. Immediately afterwards, she rushed off and threw herselfover a wall down the side of a cutting onto a railway line. Lacan argues that this suicideattempt was a passage to the act; it was not a message addressed to anyone, sincesymbolisation had become impossible for the young woman. Confronted with her father'sdesire, she was consumed with an uncontrollable anxiety and reacted in an impulsive wayby identifying with the object. Thus she fell down (Ger. Niederkommt) like the objet petita, the leftover of signification (Lacan, 1962-3: seminar of 16 January 1963)