‌‌‌‌　　英：inversion; 法：inversion

‌‌‌‌　　弗洛伊德用“颠倒”这一术语来指代同性恋，意思是同性恋是异性恋的颠倒。在拉康的早期著作中，他也是在此种意义上来使用该术语的 (Lacan, 1938:109).

‌‌‌‌　　然而，在拉康“二战”后的著作中，该术语被赋予一种截然不同的意义。此时，颠倒往往指的是镜像 (SPECULAR IMAGE)的一种特征；在实在的身体这一边出现的事物，也会在镜子中反射出来的身体形象的那一边出现 (见：Lacan, 1951:15)。在此意义上延伸开来，颠倒就变成了所有想象性现象的一种属性，诸如互易感觉 (TRASITIVISM)等。因而，在L图式中，想象界便被表现为阻碍大他者话语的一道屏障，导致这一话语“以一种颠倒的形式”(an inverted form)而抵达主体。因此，拉康把分析性的交流定义为发送者以一种颠倒的方式接收他自己的信息。

‌‌‌‌　　在1957年，该术语的这两种意义都在拉康有关列奥纳多·达·芬奇的讨论中聚集了起来。拉康接受了弗洛伊德有关列奥纳多是同性恋的观点 (Freud, 1910c), 他又继而指出列奥纳多的镜像认同是极其不同寻常的，因为它导致了自我与小他者（在L图式上）的位置的颠倒 (S4,433-4)。

‌‌‌‌　　inversion) Freud uses the term 'inversion'to designate homosexuality, the idea beingthat homosexuality is the inverse of heterosexuality. Lacan uses the term in this sense tooin his early works (Lacan, 1938:109).

‌‌‌‌　　However, in Lacan's post-war works the term is used in quite a different sense. Inversion then usually refers to a characteristic of the SPECULAR IMAGE; what appearson one side of the real body appears on the other side of the image of the body reflectedin the mirror (see Lacan, 1951b:15). By extension, inversion becomes a quality of allimaginary phenomena, such as TRANSITIVISM. Thus in schema L, the imaginary isrepresented as a barrier blocking the discourse of the Other, causing this discourse toarrive at the subject in an inverted form. Hence Lacan's definition of analyticcommunication in which the sender receives his own message in an inverted form.

‌‌‌‌　　In 1957, both senses of the term are brought together in Lacan's discussion ofLeonardo da Vinci. Taking up Freud's argument about Leonardo's homosexuality (Freud, 1910c), Lacan goes on to argue that Leonardo's specular identification was highlyunusual in that it resulted in an inversion of the positions (on schema L) of the ego andthe little other (S4,433-4).