英：recollection; 法：rememoration
回忆 (rememoration)与铭记 (memoration)皆是象征的过程，拉康将其对照于回想 (reminiscence), 后者是想象的现象。铭记是某一事件或能指借以第一次登记在象征性记忆 (MEMORY)中的行动，而回忆则是这样的一种事件或能指借以被召回的行动。
回想则涉及重新体验过去的经验并再度感受与那一经验相联系的情绪。拉康强调说，分析的过程并非旨在回想，而是旨在回忆。在此种意义上，它便不同于约瑟夫·布洛伊尔所发明的“宣泄法”(cathartic method), 这种方法强调的是经由重新体验某些创伤性的事件来卸载那些病理性的情感。尽管在精神分析治疗中确实可能唤起强烈的记忆，并伴随着情绪的释放，然而这并非是分析过程的基础。回想同样被拉康联系于柏拉图有关知识的理论。
治疗中的回忆涉及病人追溯其生活中的主人能指，或者换句话说，是“主体在其与未来的关系中对于自身历史的领域的实现”(E, 88)。凭借回忆，治疗便旨在“对于主体历史的完全重构”(S1,12)以及“主体对于自身历史的承担”(E, 48)。重要的不是以任何直觉性或经验性的方式来“重新体验”过去的构成性事件（这充其量只是回想，或者甚至更糟一是行动搬演[ACTING OUT])。相反，重要的是分析者对其过去的重构 (S1,13), 这里的关键词是“重构”。“与其说问题是在于铭记，不如说是在于重写历史。”(S1,14)
(rememoration) Recollection (rememoration) and remembering (memoration) aresymbolic processes which Lacan contrasts with reminiscence (Fr. Reminiscence), which isan imaginary phenomenon. Whereas remembering is the act whereby some event orsignifier is registered for the first time in the symbolic MEMORY, recollection is the actwhereby such an event or signifier is recalled.
Reminiscence involves reliving past experience and feeling once again the emotionsassociated with that experience. Lacan stresses that the analytic process does not aim at reminiscence but at recollection. In this sense, it differs from the 'cathartic method'invented by Josef Breuer, in which the emphasis was placed on a discharge of pathogenicaffects via the reliving of certain traumatic events. While it is true that intense memoriesmay be evoked in psychoanalytic treatment, with accompanying emotional discharge, thisis not the basis of the analytic process. Reminiscence is also linked by Lacan to the Platonic theory of knowledge.
Recollection in the treatment involves the patient tracing the master signifiers of hislife, or, in other words,'the realization by the subject of his history in his relation to afuture' (E, 88). By means of recollection, the treatment aims at 'the completereconstitution of the subject's history' (S1,12) and the 'assumption of his history by thesubject' (E, 48). What matters is not 'reliving'the formative events of the past in anyintuitive or experiential way (which would be mere reminiscence, or-even worse-ACTING OUT); on the contrary, what matters is what the analysand reconstructs of hispast (S1,13), the key word being 'reconstruct'.'It is less a matter of remembering than ofrewriting history' (S1,14).