‌‌‌‌　　英：paternal metaphor; 法：metaphore paternelle

‌‌‌‌　　在1956年，拉康首度开始详细讨论隐喻 (METAPHOR)与换喻的修辞，当时他举了维克多·雨果的诗作《沉睡的布兹》（见：Hugo, 1859-83:97-9)的一行诗句为例，来说明隐喻的结构。这首诗重新讲述了路得 (Ruth)与波阿斯 (Boaz)的圣经故事，当路得睡在波阿斯脚边的时候，波阿斯便梦见了一棵树从自己的腹部生长出来，从而启示他将成为一个种族的开创者。在拉康所引用的这行诗句中，即“他的麦穗既不吝啬与不怀恨”(His sheaf was neithermiserly nor spiteful),“麦穗”对于“波阿斯”的隐喻性替代即产生了一种诗意的意指 (SIGNIFICATION)效果（S3,218-25: 见：S4,377-8; E, 156-8; S8,158-9)。父性 (paternity)因而既是这首诗作的主题（即其内容），同时又是隐喻结构本身中所固有的。凡是父性皆会涉及隐喻性的替代，反之亦然

‌‌‌‌　　“父性隐喻”这一措辞是拉康在1957年引入的 (S4,349)。在1958年，他又继续阐述这一隐喻的结构，这则隐喻涉及一个能指（父亲的名义）对另一能指（母亲的欲望）的替代（见：图11; E, 200)

‌‌‌‌　　父性隐喻因而指代了俄狄浦斯情结 (OEDIPUS COMPLEX)本身的隐喻性（即替代性）特征。它是所有意指皆赖以建立的根本性隐喻：出于这个原因，所有的意指皆是阳具性的。如果父亲的名义遭到排除（即在精神病中），那么便不会有任何的父性隐喻，也因此不会有任何的阳具意指。

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‌‌‌‌　　(metaphore paternelle) when, in 1956, Lacan first begins to discuss the tropes ofMETAPHOR and metonymy in detail, the example he takes to illustrate the structure ofmetaphor is a line from Victor Hugo's poem, Booz endormi (Hugo, 1859-83:97-9). Thispoem retells the biblical story of Ruth and Boaz; while Ruth sleeps at his feet, Boazdreams that a tree grows out of his stomach, a revelation that he is to be the founder of arace. In the line which Lacan quotes-His sheaf was neither miserly nor spiteful'-themetaphoric substitution of 'sheaf for 'Boaz'produces a poetic effectofSIGNIFICATION (S3,218-25; see S4,377-8; E, 156-8; S8,158-9). Paternity is thusboth the theme of the poem (its content) and also inherent in the structure of metaphoritself. All paternity involves metaphoric substitution, and vice versa.

‌‌‌‌　　The phrase 'paternal metaphor'is introduced by Lacan in 1957 (S4,379). In 1958, hegoes on to elaborate the structure of this metaphor; it involves the substitution of onesignifier (the Name-of-the-Father) for another (the desire of the mother)(see Figure 13; E, 200).

‌‌‌‌　　The paternal metaphor thus designates the metaphorical (i.e.substitutive) character oftheOEDIPUS COMPLEX itself. It is the fundamental metaphor on which all signification depends: for this reason,all signification is phallic.If the Name-of-the-Father is foreclosed (i.e.in psychosis),there can be no paternal metaphor,and hence nophallic signification.