‌‌‌‌　　英：introjection; 法：introjection; 德：Introjektion

‌‌‌‌　　“内摄”这一术语是由桑多尔·费伦齐在1909年所创造出来的，用以表示投射的对立面 (Ferenczi, 1909)。弗洛伊德此后迅速吸收了这一术语，并且指出“纯净化的快乐自我”(purified pleasure-cgo)即是通过内摄一切作为快乐来源的事物而建立的 (Freud, 1915c)。梅兰妮·克莱因大量地使用这一术语，但是将该术语局限于针对各种“对象”(objects)的内摄。

‌‌‌‌　　拉康批评精神分析家们倾向于采纳有关内摄的那些“魔法般”见解，因为这样的方式把内摄混淆于吞并 (incorporation),因而也搅混了幻想与结构的不同秩序 (S1,167)。故此，拉康便拒绝那种克莱因式的形象化比喻，内摄物在其中皆是作为内部对象 (internalobjects)经由某种幻想性吞并而进入分析家的体内。相反，他指出，受到内摄的东西始终是一个能指，“内摄始终是对于他者言语的内摄”(S1,83)。内摄因而便涉及象征性认同的过程，即自我理想 (EGO-DEAL)在俄狄浦斯情结结束时赖以建立的过程（见：E, 2).

‌‌‌‌　　拉康同样反对把内摄看作投射 (PROJECTION)的对立面的观点。因而，虽然在克莱因的说法中，一个对象可以永无止境地 (ad infinitum)被内摄进来继而再重新投射出去，但是拉康则声称此两种过程位于全然不同的辖域，因此不能被构想为一个单一过程的部分。他指出，投射是与形象相联系的一种想象性现象，而内摄则是与能指相联系的一种象征性过程 (Ec, 655)。

‌‌‌‌　　(introjection) The term 'introjection'was coined by Sandor Ferenczi in 1909, in order todenote the opposite of projection (Ferenczi, 1909). Freud took up the term soonafterwards, arguing that the 'purified pleasure-ego'is constituted by the introjection ofeverything that is a source of pleasure (Freud, 1915c). Melanie Klein uses the term agreat deal, but restricts the term to the introjection of objects.

‌‌‌‌　　Lacan criticises the way psychoanalysts have tended to adopt 'magical'views ofintrojection, which confuse it with incorporation, thus mixing up the orders of fantasyand structure (S1,169). Thus Lacan rejects the Kleinian imagery in which introjects areinternal objects which pass into the analyst by some kind of fantastic incorporation. Instead he argues that what is introjected is always a signifier;'introjection is always theintrojection of the speech of the other' (S1,83). Introjection thus refers to the process ofsymbolic identification, the process by which the EGO-IDEAL is constituted at the endof the Oedipus complex (see E, 22).

‌‌‌‌　　Lacan is also opposed to the view that introjection is the opposite of PROJECTION.Thus whereas in the Kleinian account an object can be introjected and then re-projectedad infinitum,Lacan argues that these two processes are located in entirely differentregisters and so cannot be conceived of as part of a single process.He argues thatprojection is an imaginary phenomenon which relates to images,whereas introjection is asymbolic process which relates to signifiers(Ec,655).