‌‌‌‌　　英：negation; 法：denegation; 德：Verneinung

‌‌‌‌　　对弗洛伊德而言，“否定”(Verneinung)这一术语既意味着逻辑上的否定 (negation),又意味着否认 (denial)的行为 (见：Freud, 1925h)。在其1953一1954年度的研讨班 (亦见：Lacan, 1954a与1954b)及其1955一1956年度的研讨班上，拉康吸收了弗洛伊德的否定概念。拉康指出，否定是一种神经症性的过程，它只能在叫作肯定(BEJAHUNG)的一种更根本的肯定作用之后而发生。否定必须与排除(FORECLOSURE)区分开来，后者是先于任何可能的“否定”(Verneinung)的一种更原始的否定(S3,46),即对于“肯定”(Bejahung)本身的一种拒绝

‌‌‌‌　　(denegation) For Freud the term negation (Verneinung) meant both logical negation andthe action of denial (see Freud, 1925h). Lacan takes up Freud's concept of negation in hisseminar of 1953-4 (see also Lacan, 1954a and 1954b) and in his seminar of 1955-6. Lacan argues that negation is a neurotic process that can only occur after a fundamentalact of affirmation called BEJAHUNG. Negation must be distinguished fromFORECLOSURE which is a kind of primitive negation prior to any possible Verneinung (S3,46), a refusal of Bejahung itself.